Table 2.
6 month infant weight and anthropometric outcomes by treatment group
| Outcome | Lifestyle advice (N = 1071) | Standard Care (N = 1065) | Unadjusted treatment effect (95% CI) | Unadjusted P-value | Adjusted treatment effect (95% CI) | Adjusted P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI z-score ≥90th centile* | 233 (21.71) | 233 (21.90) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.19) | 0.927 | 0.99 (0.82, 1.18) | 0.882 |
| BMI z-score ≥85th centile* | 299 (27.88) | 303 (28.48) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 0.783 | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 0.713 |
| BMI | 17.68 (1.82) | 17.70 (1.79) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.16) | 0.873 | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | 0.824 |
| BMI z-score | 0.37 (1.17) | 0.38 (1.16) | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.10) | 0.860 | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.09) | 0.792 |
| Weight (kg) | 8.26 (1.33) | 8.29 (1.33) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) | 0.619 | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.06) | 0.376 |
| Weight z-score | 0.30 (1.13) | 0.34 (1.11) | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.06) | 0.453 | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.06) | 0.426 |
| Length (cm) | 68.24 (3.76) | 68.28 (4.13) | −0.05 (−0.41, 0.31) | 0.793 | −0.12 (−0.41, 0.16) | 0.407 |
| Length z-score | 0.06 (1.22) | 0.11 (1.28) | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.07) | 0.444 | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.07) | 0.463 |
| Weight-Length Ratio | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.12 (0.01) | −0.00 (−0.00, 0.00) | 0.881 | −0.00 (−0.00, 0.00) | 0.718 |
| Weight-Length Ratio z-score | 0.44 (1.18) | 0.48 (1.14) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.07) | 0.525 | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.07) | 0.466 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 43.83 (1.77) | 43.79 (1.88) | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | 0.655 | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18) | 0.698 |
| Head circumference z-score | 0.45 (1.08) | 0.43 (1.13) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | 0.684 | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.602 |
| Chest circumference (cm) | 44.45 (2.77) | 44.51 (2.75) | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.21) | 0.677 | −0.09 (−0.35, 0.17) | 0.485 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 44.53 (3.79) | 44.35 (3.76) | 0.18 (−0.19, 0.55) | 0.346 | 0.16 (−0.20, 0.52) | 0.392 |
| Arm circumference (cm) | 14.97 (1.31) | 14.95 (1.34) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.15) | 0.776 | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.14) | 0.841 |
| Biceps SFTM (mm) | 6.47 (2.00) | 6.34 (2.00) | 0.13 (−0.09, 0.35) | 0.257 | 0.12 (−0.10, 0.34) | 0.275 |
| Triceps SFTM (mm) | 10.03 (2.53) | 10.24 (2.52) | −0.21 (−0.49, 0.06) | 0.129 | −0.22 (−0.50, 0.06) | 0.120 |
| Subscapular SFTM (mm) | 6.94 (1.81) | 6.93 (1.87) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.22) | 0.881 | 0.01 (−0.19, 0.21) | 0.936 |
| Supra-iliac SFTM (mm) | 11.50 (4.91) | 11.34 (5.13) | 0.16 (−0.37, 0.69) | 0.547 | 0.14 (−0.38, 0.66) | 0.600 |
| Abdominal SFTM (mm) | 7.81 (2.39) | 7.89 (2.39) | −0.08 (−0.33, 0.17) | 0.543 | −0.09 (−0.33, 0.16) | 0.492 |
| Thigh SFTM (mm) | 18.43 (4.58) | 18.32 (4.17) | 0.11 (−0.37, 0.59) | 0.642 | 0.08 (−0.39, 0.56) | 0.725 |
| Sum of SFTM (mm) | 60.79 (12.61) | 60.50 (12.68) | 0.30 (−0.96, 1.56) | 0.644 | 0.25 (−1.01, 1.50) | 0.703 |
Values for continuous outcomes are mean and standard deviation and treatment effects are differences in means. Values for binary outcomes (*) are number and percentage and treatment effects are relative risks. All estimates are based on imputed data including all infants who were eligible for the follow-up study.
Adjusted analyses included the stratification variables BMI category, parity and centre, as well as maternal age, socioeconomic status and maternal smoking. Non z-score outcomes were additionally adjusted for actual age at assessment and infant gender.