Fig. 7.

Illustration of cholinergic terminals and their synaptic architecture. Summary illustration of some of the findings. All cholinergic terminals establish synapses, they are fully equipped with GABAergic–cholinergic co-transmission signalling machinery. GABAergic and cholinergic vesicles are regulated by different VDCCs. Although postsynaptic cholinergic receptor distribution cannot be investigated, their response latencies (that are at least and order of magnitude faster that typical non-synaptic transmission) suggest a focal, intra- and/or peri-synaptic localisation, while GABA_A receptors are detected intra-synaptically. Synapses are established on both dendritic shafts and spines in hippocampus