Table 2.
Nonunion characteristics
| Nonunion characteristics | Number (%) | Re-nonunion group 18 (28.6%) | Non-renonunion group 45 (71.4%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fracture type | |||
| Closed | N (%) | 10 (55.6%) | 24 (53.3%) |
| Open | N (%) | 8 (44.4%) | 21 (46.7%) |
| Type of IMN | |||
| Antegrade | N (%) | 11 (61.1%) | 26 (57.8%) |
| Retrograde | N (%) | 7 (38.9%) | 19 (42.2%) |
| Use of IMN locking screws | |||
| Dynamic | N (%) | 6 (33.3%) | 17 (37.8%) |
| Static | N (%) | 12 (66.7%) | 28 (62.2%) |
| Site of nonunion | |||
| Isthmal | N (%) | 5 (27.8%) | 29 (64.4%) |
| Non-isthmal | N (%) | 13 (72.2%) | 16 (35.6%) |
| Primary nonunion time (years) | |||
| < 1.5 | N (%) | 10 (55.6%) | 25 (55.6%) |
| ≥ 1.5 | N (%) | 8 (44.4%) | 20 (44.4%) |
| Pathological type of nonunion | |||
| Atrophic | N (%) | 6 (33.3%) | 15 (33.3%) |
| Hypertrophic | N (%) | 12 (66.7%) | 30 (66.7%) |
| Bone defect (mm) | |||
| < 5 | N (%) | 7 (38.9%) | 28 (62.2%) |
| ≥ 5 | N (%) | 11 (61.1%) | 17 (37.8%) |
| Primary revision method | |||
| ERN | N (%) | 16 (88.9%) | 17 (37.8%) |
| ACP | N (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 28 (62.2%) |
| Adjuvant ABG procedure | |||
| No | N (%) | 13 (72.2%) | 11 (24.4%) |
| Yes | N (%) | 5 (27.8%) | 34 (75.6%) |
N total number of nonunions, IMN intramedullary nailing, ERN exchanging reamed nailing, ACP augmentative compression plating, ABG autogenous bone grafting