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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2018 Mar 5;178:663–680. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.008

Table 1.

Representative stimuli for potential development of programmable hydrogels.

Stimuli Examples References
Biological DNA and aptamer 19, 27
Protein and peptide 34,35
Enzyme 40, 44
Small metabolite 48, 16
Chemical Redox, ions, pH 60, 68, 72
Physical Temperature, light, mechanical force, electric field, magnetic field 79, 86, 88, 92, 96, 103