Vaccine-induced protection against Brugia malayi infection in macaques. All animals (vaccinated and control) were challenged with 130–180 L3s of Brugia malayi 1 month after the last immunization. In weeks 5, 10, 15 and 18 post challenge, 10 ml of blood were collected from each macaque between 18:00 and 22:00 h and screened for the presence of microfilariae using a modified Knott technique (Dakshinamoorthjy et al., 2014) and analysed by PCR for the Hha-1 gene (Hoti et al., 2001). Absence of infection in microfilaria (Mf)-negative animals was further confirmed by SXP-1 (B. malayi diagnostic antigen) ELISA (Abdul Rehman et al., 2007). Results show that rBmHAXT+AL019 (alum plus glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion) is a better vaccine formulation than the other formulations tested. (n=10 per group). Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the proportions across the groups.