Screening macaques for the presence of filarial infection. One month after the last dose of the vaccine, all macaques were challenged s.c. with 130–180 Brugia malayi L3s. Blood was collected from all the animals between 18:00 and 22:00 h in weeks 5, 10, 15 and 18 post challenge and were screened for the presence of microfilariae using the Knott’s technique. (A) Microfilaria (Mf) counts in per ml of final blood collection samples. (B) DNA was isolated from the blood samples and analyzed by PCR to detect the Mf-specific Hha-1 gene in a 1% agarose gel. Lanes: M, 100 bp DNA ladder; lanes 1 to 10, Hha-1 PCR amplified sample from each macaque. (C) An ELISA was performed to detect the levels of anti-rBmSXP-1 (recombinant B. malayi diagnostic antigen) IgG antibodies in the sera of animals. Each data point represents an animal within the group and the bar indicates the average value of Mf-negative animals. Values above the bar were considered positive and the values below the bar were considered negative. (n=10 per group). AL007, alum; AL019, alum plus glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion; rBmHAXT, recombinant B. malyi HSP/ALT-2/TPX/TSPLEL.