Table 1.

The effects of nitrogen deficiency and short-term water shortage on canopy transpiration and carbon assimilation.

	NC	LAI	SLN	Ec	Ac,gross	PWUEc	PNUEc
NITROGEN
N1	1.53 b	1.84 b	0.84 b	162 b	0.70 b	4.49	0.46
N2	2.11 a	2.26 ab	0.94 ab	236 ab	0.94 ab	4.09	0.44
N3	2.58 a	2.59 a	1.02 a	268 a	1.14 a	4.41	0.44
P-value	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.32	0.78
WATER
WS	2.08	2.36	0.88	187 b	0.84	4.65 a	0.40 b
WW	2.07	2.01	0.97	256 a	1.01	4.00 b	0.49 a
P-value	0.95	0.07	0.06	0.03	0.11	0.03	0.02

Data presented was collected in CAN1. The data of the last four columns is presented as the average of 3 days after being normalized to the open-air conditions. Canopy nitrogen content (N_c; g N (m² ground)⁻¹), leaf area index (LAI; m² m⁻²), specific leaf nitrogen (SLN; g N (m² leaf)⁻¹), actual transpiration (E_c; mol H₂O m⁻² d⁻¹), canopy gross photosynthesis (A_c,gross; mol CO₂ m⁻² d⁻¹), canopy photosynthetic water-use efficiency (PWUE_c; mmol CO₂ (mol H₂O)⁻¹) and canopy photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE_c; mol CO₂ d⁻¹ (g N)⁻¹). N1, N2, and N3 denote nitrogen fertilization rate at 0, 1.0, and 2.0 g N container⁻¹, respectively. WW denotes well-watered containers while WS denotes the containers where water supply was half of WW.

ANOVA analysis was conducted considering nitrogen and water levels as main factors and measuring day as repeated factor. Interaction between nitrogen and water was excluded because it was not significant for all parameters in a preliminary test. Numbers followed by different letters under the same category are statistically different for P = 0.05 (Tukey HSD).