Table 2.

Key trade-offs (benefit and cost) for the five traits considered, as encoded into the plant model

Trait	Benefit	Cost	Ref.
SM	$\uparrow$ Size of seedlings	$\downarrow$ Seed production rate	39
${\text{H}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}$	$\uparrow$ Growth rate	$\downarrow$ Seed production rate	40
N	$\uparrow$ Photosynthetic rate in high light	$\uparrow$ Respiration rate	2
LMA	$\downarrow$ Leaf turnover rate	$\uparrow$ Cost of building leaf	2
WD	$\downarrow$ Sapwood turnover rate	$\uparrow$ Cost of building stem	3