Table 3.

Variable definitions

Symbol	Unit	Description
Traits (constant through ontogeny)
$\omega$	kg	Seed mass (SM)
$H_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}$	m	Height at maturation (${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}$)
$\nu$	kg$\cdot$m−2	Leaf nitrogen content per unit leaf area (N)
$\varphi$	kg$\cdot$m−2	Leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA)
$\rho$	kg$\cdot$m−3	Wood density (WD)
State or rate variables (may vary through ontogeny)
$H$	m	Height of a plant
$D$	m	Stem diameter
$M_i$	kg	Mass of tissue type $i$ retained on plant
$A_i$	${\text{m}}^2$	Surface or cross-section are of tissue type $i$
$\frac{\mathrm{d}B}{\mathrm{d}t}$	kg$\cdot$${\text{y}}^{-1}$	Biomass growth rate
$p,\overline{p}$	mol$\cdot$${\text{y}}^{-1}\cdot$${\text{m}}^{-2}$	Photosynthetic rate per unit area
$r_i$	mol$\cdot$${\text{y}}^{-1}\cdot$${\text{kg}}^{-1}$	Respiration rate per unit mass of tissue type $i$
$k_i$	${\text{y}}^{-1}$	Turnover rate for tissue type $i$
Environmental variables (fixed)
$E$		Canopy openness
Other parameters (constant throughout)
${\alpha }_{\mathrm{y}}$		Yield, fraction of carbon fixed into biomass
${\alpha }_{\mathrm{b}io}$	kg$\cdot$mol−1	Biomass per mol carbon
${\eta }_c$		Crown-shape parameter
$\theta$		Sapwood area per unit leaf area
${\alpha }_{\mathrm{l}1}$	m	Height of plant with leaf area of 1${\text{m}}^2$
${\alpha }_{\mathrm{r}1}$	kg$\cdot$m−2	Root mass per unit leaf area
${\alpha }_{\mathrm{b}1}$		Ratio of bark area to sapwood area

For M_i , r_i , k_i and A_i , subscripts refer to: a, alive tissue; b, bark; h, heartwood; l, leaves; r, roots; s, sapwood; st, total stem.