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The p38 inhibitor (SB-202190) reduced the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated phosphorylation of the Smad2 linker region in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cells were pretreated with SB-202190 at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM and an inhibitor of TβRI activity (SB-431542 [SB]) at a concentration of 10 µM (both inhibitors for 30 minutes). Thereafter, TGF-β (2 ng/mL) was added for 15 minutes. *P<0.05 compared to the control.
