Table 2.
Factors associated with prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics for children with URI in outpatient visits.
| Factor | Bivariable association with prescribing BSA (P value) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups, y | .0021 | ||
| <2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 2 to <6 | 0.87 (0.67-1.12) | 1.17 (0.79-1.71) | |
| 6 to <18 | 0.63 (0.47-0.84) | 0.72 (0.49-1.07) | |
| Sex | .3541 | ||
| Male | 1 | * | |
| Female | 0.91 (0.75-1.11) | ||
| Race | .1112 | ||
| White | 1 | 1 | |
| Black | 0.99 (0.70-1.41) | 0.73 (0.41-1.30) | |
| Other | 0.58 (0.37-0.92) | 1.01 (0.51-2.03) | |
| Region | <.0001 | ||
| West | 1 | 1 | |
| Midwest | 1.29 (0.87-1.91) | 1.56 (0.91-2.67) | |
| Northeast | 1.16 (0.76-1.79) | 1.49 (0.77-2.91) | |
| South | 2.06 (1.42-2.98) | 2.38 (1.38-4.10) | |
| MSA status | .3610 | ||
| Non-MSA | 1 | * | |
| MSA | 1.18 (0.83-1.69) | ||
| Setting type | .2121 | ||
| NAMCS | 1 | 1 | |
| NHAMCS (OPD) | 0.83 (0.61-1.12) | 0.91 (0.64-1.28) | |
| Physician specialty | .0013 | ||
| Pediatrician | 1 | 1 | |
| General/family doctor | 0.75 (0.57-0.98) | 0.83 (0.59-1.15) | |
| Other | 0.52 (0.34-0.79) | 0.68 (0.42-1.09) | |
| Insurance type | .0094 | ||
| Private | 1 | 1 | |
| Public | 0.78 (0.61-0.99) | 0.76 (0.56-1.04) | |
| Self-pay/other | 0.56 (0.37-0.86) | 0.66 (0.38-1.15) | |
| Fever | .4464 | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.89 (0.67-1.19) | 0.99 (0.72-1.34) | |
| Diagnosis | <.0001 | ||
| Acute pharyngitis | 1 | 1 | |
| Acute otitis media | 1.96 (1.41-2.72) | 1.90 (1.32-2.74) | |
| Acute sinusitis | 2.42 (1.47-3.95) | 2.77 (1.65-4.63) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; OR, odds ratio; URI, upper respiratory tract infection.
*
Not entered into the multivariable model.