Table 1.
Sample distributions from the HINTS 4, cycles 1-4,a by residence in Appalachiab or non-Appalachia, 2011-2014 (n = 14 451)
| Characteristic | Full Sample | Appalachia | Non-Appalachia | P Valued | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 95% CI | No. (%)c | 95% CI | No. (%) | 95% CI | ||
| Age, ye | .27 | ||||||
| 18-29 | 1125 (20.2) | 19.5-20.9 | 74 (20.9) | 14.6-27.2 | 1051 (20.2) | 19.3-21.1 | |
| 30-49 | 4111 (37.2) | 36.5-37.9 | 248 (33.3) | 28.3-38.2 | 3863 (37.6) | 36.7-38.4 | |
| 50-69 | 6153 (30.6) | 30.4-30.8 | 462 (33.3) | 29.1-37.4 | 5691 (30.4) | 30.0-30.8 | |
| ≥70 | 2590 (12.0) | 11.8-12.1 | 196 (12.5) | 10.4-14.6 | 2393 (11.9) | 11.7-12.1 | |
| Sex | .43 | ||||||
| Male | 5563 (48.4) | 48.2-48.6 | 381 (46.5) | 41.6-51.4 | 5182 (48.6) | 48.1-49.1 | |
| Female | 8566 (51.6) | 51.4-51.8 | 610 (53.5) | 48.6-58.4 | 7956 (51.4) | 50.9-51.9 | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 2027 (11.0) | 10.8-11.3 | 110 (6.4) | 4.6-8.1 | 1917 (11.44) | 11.1-11.7 | |
| Hispanic | 2023 (15.0) | 14.8-15.2 | 29 (3.6) | 1.1-6.1 | 1994 (16.0) | 15.7-16.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 8018 (66.8) | 66.5-67.2 | 693 (86.6) | 83.1-90.1 | 7325 (65.1) | 64.7-65.6 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 927 (7.2) | 7.0-7.3 | 45 (3.5) | 1.6-5.4 | 882 (7.5) | 7.2-7.7 | |
| Education | .003 | ||||||
| <High school graduate | 1325 (11.9) | 11.4-12.4 | 119 (13.2) | 10.0-16.4 | 1206 (11.8) | 11.3-12.3 | |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 2929 (21.5) | 20.6-22.4 | 248 (26.2) | 21.6-30.8 | 2681 (21.1) | 20.2-22.0 | |
| Some college or technical training | 4247 (32.9) | 31.9-33.8 | 285 (34.1) | 29.4-38.9 | 3962 (32.8) | 31.8-33.7 | |
| ≥Bachelor’s degree | 5536 (33.7) | 33.2-34.3 | 329 (26.5) | 22.7-30.2 | 5207 (34.4) | 33.7-35.0 | |
| Annual household income, $ | <.001 | ||||||
| <20 000 | 3340 (21.7) | 20.6-22.8 | 263 (25.0) | 20.2-29.8 | 3077 (21.5) | 20.3-22.6 | |
| 20 000-34 999 | 2172 (14.9) | 13.9-15.9 | 164 (15.7) | 11.8-19.6 | 2008 (14.8) | 13.8-15.8 | |
| 35 000-49 999 | 2051 (14.4) | 13.4-15.3 | 153 (16.2) | 12.2-20.2 | 1898 (14.2) | 13.3-15.2 | |
| 50 000-74 999 | 2329 (17.0) | 16.0-18.1 | 173 (20.0) | 15.4-24.5 | 2156 (16.8) | 15.7-17.9 | |
| 75 000-99 999 | 1646 (12.70) | 11.9-13.6 | 101 (10.4) | 7.7-13.1 | 1545 (13.0) | 12.1-13.9 | |
| ≥100 000 | 18.2-20.2 | 133 (12.9) | 10.0-15.7 | 2362 (19.7) | 18.7-20.8 | ||
| Rural or urban designation | <.001 | ||||||
| Rural | 2177 (16.6) | 15.7-17.5 | 394 (40.6) | 35.6-45.7 | 1783 (14.5) | 13.6-15.4 | |
| Urban | 12 274 (83.4) | 82.5-84.3 | 621 (59.4) | 54.3-64.4 | 11 653 (85.5) | 84.6-86.4 | |
b Residence in an Appalachian county was coded according to the Appalachian Regional Commission’s designation.12
c The number is the unweighted sample size and the percentage is the weighted population estimate.
dP values pertain to the results of unadjusted Wald χ2 tests comparing responses from Appalachians and non-Appalachians. P < .05 was considered significant.
e Age is categorized for ease of presentation, but it was included in regression analyses (Table 2) as a continuous variable.