Table 2.
Adjusted differencesa between Appalachian and non-Appalachian respondents (n = 14 451) on body mass index, beliefs about obesity, and health behaviors, HINTS 4, cycles 1-4, 2011-2014b
| Continuous Variable | No.c | Weighted Meansd | Be (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appalachian | Non-Appalachian | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 11 929 | 28.6 | 27.7 | 0.75 (0.08 to 1.42) | .03 |
| Daily cups of fruit and vegetables | 12 095 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 0.01 (–0.26 to 0.29) | .92 |
| Weekly minutes of physical activity | 6497 | 179.7 | 205.6 | 5.12 (–56.54 to 66.77) | .87 |
| Weekly frequency of strength training, d/wk | 9031 | 0.9 | 1.2 | –0.21 (–0.40 to 0.02) | .03 |
| Daily hours of sedentary behavior | 11 639 | 3.8 | 3.8 | –0.02 (–0.33 to 0.30) | .90 |
| Weighted Percentages | |||||
| Categorical Variable | No. | Appalachian | Non-Appalachian | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Think that behaviors influence obesity | 6018 | 0.69 (0.49-0.97) | .03 | ||
| Not at all | 4.9 | 2.6 | |||
| A little | 5.9 | 4.4 | |||
| Somewhat | 20.1 | 14.4 | |||
| A lot | 69.1 | 78.7 | |||
| Think that genes influence obesity a lot | 6013 | 0.90 (0.71-1.15) | .40 | ||
| Not at all | 7.5 | 7.3 | |||
| A little | 24.4 | 23.0 | |||
| Somewhat | 42.2 | 41.4 | |||
| A lot | 26.0 | 28.3 | |||
| Confidence in ability to take care of health | 12 210 | 1.04 (0.82-1.32) | .74 | ||
| Not at all confident | 1.0 | 1.4 | |||
| A little confident | 4.6 | 4.7 | |||
| Somewhat confident | 27.9 | 26.0 | |||
| Very confident | 44.1 | 45.1 | |||
| Completely confident | 22.4 | 22.9 | |||
| Frequency of (non-diet) soda consumption | 5575 | 1.29 (0.85-1.95) | .28 | ||
| I do not drink any regular soda or pop | 35.2 | 39.0 | |||
| <1 day a week | 18.4 | 22.6 | |||
| 1-2 days a week | 13.1 | 14.7 | |||
| 3-4 days a week | 6.9 | 8.6 | |||
| 5-6 days a week | 8.4 | 4.2 | |||
| Every day | 18.0 | 10.8 | |||
| Have smoked ≥100 cigarettes | 12 155 | 45.7 | 40.3 | 1.09 (0.85-1.38) | .50 |
Abbreviations: HINTS, Health Information National Trends Survey; OR, odds ratio.
a Results of separate weighted regression analyses for each variable using listwise deletion. Continuous variables were submitted to linear regression analyses; categorical variables were submitted to ordinal regression analyses.
c Differences in sample size across models are primarily due to the fact that not all variables were included in each of the 4 cycles of HINTS 4. See the Methods section for more information on measure repetition.
d Weighted means are not adjusted for sociodemographic variables or general health.
e Unstandardized regression coefficients, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals refer to differences in mean values between Appalachians and non-Appalachians, controlling for sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, and rural-urban designation) and general health. P < .05 was considered significant.