Effect of inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory drugs on leukocyte-endothelium interactions. (A) A side view of the 3D-reconstructed two-photon confocal images in which monocytes attached to or transmigrated into activated TEBV endothelium in a TNF-α activated TEBV (perfused with medium containing TNF-α, 200U/mL, 4 hrs). B) Quantification of cell attachment and transmigration in TEBV with different treatments. TEBV was treated with i) Null, ii) 200U/mL TNF-α, iii) 200U/mL TNF-α + 20ng/mL TNF-α neutralizing antibody, and iv) 200U/mL TNF-α + 1μM Bay117082. N=4 for each group. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test; * p<0.05 vs. number of cells adhered or transmigrated in control group, respectively; # p<0.05 vs. number of cells adhered or transmigrated in TNF-α treated group.