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Tryptamine increases cAMP in colonoids irrespective of microbial colonization. Total cAMP (normalized to forskolin response) in colonoids from GF and HM male mice after incubation for an hour with either control media alone, media with tryptamine (1mM) and media with tryptamine (1mM) thirty minutes after pre-treatment with GR-113808 (100 nM). n=3, *P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA. See also Figure S5.
