Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics assessed during the 12‐month baseline period among rivaroxaban users who continued vs. discontinued therapy after 3 months
| Characteristics | Unweighted cohorts | IPTW‐weighted cohorts1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discontinued cohort | Continued cohort | Standardized difference | Discontinued cohort | Continued cohort | Standardized difference | |
| (N = 1051) | (N = 3763) | (N = 1051) | (N = 3763) | |||
| Observation period, days, mean ±SD [median]2 | 178 ± 193 [101] | 160 ± 133 [112] | – | 203 ± 195 [149] | 154 ± 131 [109] | – |
| Total duration of treatment (including 3 months of rivaroxaban therapy), days, mean ± SD [median]3 | 105 ± 9 [106] | 252 ± 134 [203] | – | 106 ± 9 [107] | 247 ± 132 [200] | – |
| Propensity score variables | ||||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years, mean ± SD [median] | 55.8 ± 14.5 [56] | 57.2 ± 13.7 [57] | 10.0% | 57.0 ± 14.5 [57] | 56.8 ± 13.8 [57] | 1.0% |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 445 (42.3%) | 1432 (38.1%) | 8.7% | 413 (39.3%) | 1469 (39.1%) | 0.5% |
| Insurance type, n (%) | ||||||
| Consumer directed health plan | 619 (58.9%) | 2184 (58.0%) | 1.7% | 614 (58.4%) | 2186 (58.1%) | 0.6% |
| Comprehensive | 76 (7.2%) | 291 (7.7%) | 1.9% | 83 (7.9%) | 289 (7.7%) | 0.9% |
| Exclusive provider organization | 118 (11.2%) | 505 (13.4%) | 6.7% | 136 (12.9%) | 485 (12.9%) | 0.1% |
| High‐deductible health plan | 68 (6.5%) | 228 (6.1%) | 1.7% | 65 (6.1%) | 235 (6.2%) | 0.4% |
| Health maintenance organization | 77 (7.3%) | 316 (8.4%) | 4.0% | 86 (8.1%) | 309 (8.2%) | 0.3% |
| Point‐of‐service | 3 (0.3%) | 19 (0.5%) | 3.5% | 5 (0.4%) | 17 (0.5%) | 0.4% |
| Point‐of‐service capitated | 3 (0.3%) | 16 (0.4%) | 2.3% | 3 (0.3%) | 15 (0.4%) | 2.3% |
| Preferred provider organization | 72 (6.9%) | 163 (4.3%) | 11.0% | 49 (4.7%) | 183 (4.9%) | 0.9% |
| Not specified | 15 (1.4%) | 41 (1.1%) | 3.0% | 12 (1.1%) | 43 (1.2%) | 0.4% |
| Year of index date, n (%) | ||||||
| 2012 | 6 (0.6%) | 15 (0.4%) | 2.5% | 4 (0.4%) | 17 (0.4%) | 0.3% |
| 2013 | 233 (22.2%) | 1059 (28.1%) | 13.8% | 285 (27.1%) | 1009 (26.8%) | 0.7% |
| 2014 | 474 (45.1%) | 2185 (58.1%) | 25.9% | 572 (54.5%) | 2075 (55.1%) | 1.4% |
| 2015 | 338 (32.2%) | 504 (13.4%) | 44.7% | 189 (18.0%) | 662 (17.6%) | 1.0% |
| First VTE diagnosis identified in hospital, n (%) | 399 (38.0%) | 1807 (48.0%) | 20.3% | 474 (45.1%) | 1721 (45.7%) | 1.3% |
| Type of first VTE diagnosis, n (%) | ||||||
| Deep vein thrombosis | 672 (63.9%) | 1904 (50.6%) | 27.0% | 564 (53.7%) | 2015 (53.6%) | 0.3% |
| Pulmonary embolism | 235 (22.4%) | 1073 (28.5%) | 14.1% | 295 (28.1%) | 1024 (27.2%) | 1.9% |
| Both diagnoses on the same day | 144 (13.7%) | 786 (20.9%) | 19.0% | 192 (18.3%) | 724 (19.2%) | 2.5% |
| Time from first VTE to first rivaroxaban dispensing | ||||||
| Mean ± SD [median] | 0.7 ± 1.2 [0] | 0.7 ± 1.2 [0] | 3.4% | 0.7 ± 1.2 [0] | 0.7 ± 1.2 [0] | 1.2% |
| Same day, n (%) | 629 (59.8%) | 2328 (61.9%) | 4.1% | 638 (60.7%) | 2311 (61.4%) | 1.5% |
| 1 day, n (%) | 270 (25.7%) | 928 (24.7%) | 2.4% | 262 (25.0%) | 936 (24.9%) | 0.2% |
| 2 days, n (%) | 74 (7.0%) | 218 (5.8%) | 5.1% | 69 (6.6%) | 229 (6.1%) | 2.0% |
| 3 days, n (%) | 25 (2.4%) | 131 (3.5%) | 6.5% | 33 (3.2%) | 122 (3.2%) | 0.4% |
| 4–7 days, n (%) | 53 (5.0%) | 158 (4.2%) | 4.0% | 48 (4.6%) | 165 (4.4%) | 1.0% |
| Comorbidity index scores | ||||||
| Quan‐Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD [median] | 1.0 ± 1.6 [0] | 1.1 ± 1.6 [1] | 6.0% | 1.2 ± 1.7 [1] | 1.1 ± 1.6 [1] | 5.2% |
| N (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 540 (51.4%) | 1796 (47.7%) | 7.3% | 496 (47.2%) | 1824 (48.5%) | 2.6% |
| 1 | 273 (26.0%) | 980 (26.0%) | 0.2% | 273 (25.9%) | 979 (26.0%) | 0.2% |
| 2 | 102 (9.7%) | 434 (11.5%) | 5.9% | 125 (11.9%) | 419 (11.1%) | 2.5% |
| ≥3 | 136 (12.9%) | 553 (14.7%) | 5.1% | 157 (15.0%) | 541 (14.4%) | 1.7% |
| RIETE score, mean ±SD [median] | 1.1 ± 1.2 [1] | 1.2 ± 1.2 [1] | 7.7% | 1.2 ± 1.2 [1] | 1.2 ± 1.2 [1] | 4.7% |
| N (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 440 (41.9%) | 1287 (34.2%) | 15.8% | 371 (35.3%) | 1349 (35.8%) | 1.1% |
| 1–4 | 580 (55.2%) | 2377 (63.2%) | 16.2% | 652 (62.1%) | 2314 (61.5%) | 1.2% |
| >4 | 31 (2.9%) | 99 (2.6%) | 1.9% | 27 (2.6%) | 100 (2.7%) | 0.3% |
| Baseline healthcare utilization, mean ± SD [median] | ||||||
| Hospitalizations | 0.57 ± 0.71 [0] | 0.64 ± 0.67 [1] | 10.8% | 0.62 ± 0.69 [1] | 0.62 ± 0.68 [1] | 0.7% |
| ER visits | 0.93 ± 1.27 [1] | 0.95 ± 1.39 [1] | 1.3% | 1.00 ± 1.38 [1] | 0.95 ± 1.36 [1] | 3.3% |
| Outpatient visits | 16.73 ± 13.99 [13] | 15.79 ± 13.08 [12] | 6.9% | 16.20 ± 13.28 [13] | 16.00 ± 13.28 [12] | 1.5% |
| Baseline healthcare cost, $US 2015, mean ± SD | ||||||
| Total healthcare cost | $24 383 ± 30 185 | $25 620 ± 29 023 | 4.2% | $26 353 ± 30 321 | $25 414 ± 29 001 | 3.2% |
| Hospitalizations | $10 740 ± 21 931 | $11 883 ± 20 784 | 5.3% | $12 126 ± 22 478 | $11 696 ± 20 958 | 2.0% |
| ER visits | $1956 ± 4254 | $2027 ± 4341 | 1.7% | $2123 ± 4718 | $2018 ± 4270 | 2.3% |
| Outpatient visits | $7159 ± 12 425 | $6804 ± 11 590 | 3.0% | $7235 ± 12 738 | $6923 ± 11 672 | 2.6% |
| Pharmacy | $3698 ± 5620 | $4326 ± 8356 | 8.8% | $4174 ± 6562 | $4185 ± 7852 | 0.1% |
VTE: venous thromboembolism; SD: standard deviation; ER: emergency room; RIETE: Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica.
Notes:
1. The propensity score of receiving continued treatment (vs. discontinued treatment) was estimated using a multivariate logistic regression model conditional on baseline covariates including age, gender, region, insurance type, year of index date, episode type of first VTE, type of first VTE, time from first VTE to first rivaroxaban dispensing, baseline risk factors for bleeding and VTE, Quan‐Charlson comorbidity index, RIETE score, and healthcare resource utilization and costs.
2. From the index date to the earliest date between initiation of a new anticoagulant therapy, end of data availability (April 2015), or end of insurance coverage as well as the end of the rivaroxaban therapy for the continued cohort.
3. Duration of treatment was defined as the duration of continuous use of rivaroxaban from the first dispensing until a 30‐day interruption or end of follow‐up.