Table 3.

Comparison of CT measurements of pregnant patients with GDM, type 1 DM and type 2 DM, adjusted for HbA1c values and for the presence of hypertension

Location	GDM group (n=15), mean ± SE (µm)	Type 2 DM group (n=16), mean ± SE (µm)	Type 1 DM group (n=14), mean ± SE (µm)	p-value (adjusted for HbA1c and hypertension)
T5	271.5 ± 43.3b	243.5 ± 35.7b	209.4 ± 39.2a	0.002
T4	287.9 ± 47.7b	254.2 ± 38.6a,b	222.4 ± 42.5a	0.001
T3	397.6 ± 59.4b	276.4 ± 56.1b	227.9 ± 51.6a	<0.001
T2	311.7 ± 75.3b	290.4 ± 74.0b	235.5 ± 64.0a	0.001
T1	221.1 ± 77.3b	305.8 ± 76.7b	243.4 ± 66.0a	0.002
SF	327.1 ± 85.9b	319.9 ± 88.9b	250.4 ± 72.6a	0.005
N1	310.5 ± 104.6b	293.2 ± 106.1a,b	237.8 ± 86.1a	0.037
N2	284.1 ± 105.4	284.1 ± 107.4	228.5 ± 86.7	0.081
N3	248.7 ± 100.6	258.4 ± 100.5	216.4 ± 83.3	0.244
N4	223.8 ± 80.5	227.8 ± 77.4	190.8 ± 66.6	0.188

Note:

^a,bSame letter does not differ from each other at a 5% of significance by GEE with Bonferroni adjustment.

Abbreviations: CT, choroidal thickness; DM, diabetes mellitus; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GEE, generalized estimating equations; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; N1, choroidal thickness at 500 µm nasal to the fovea; N2, choroidal thickness at 1,000 µm nasal to the fovea; N3, choroidal thickness at 1,500 µm nasal to the fovea; N4, choroidal thickness at 2,000 µm nasal to the fovea; SF, choroidal thickness at the fovea; T1, choroidal thickness at 500 µm temporal to the fovea; T2, choroidal thickness at 1,000 µm temporal to the fovea; T3, choroidal thickness at 1,500 µm temporal to the fovea; T4, choroidal thickness at 2,000 µm temporal to the fovea; T5, choroidal thickness at 2,500 µm temporal to the fovea.