Table 1.
Association of ADHD PRS with diagnostic outcomes
| Definition | Diagnosis | N affected/unaffecteda | OR (CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Registry‐based clinical diagnoses (CATSS) | ADHD | 443/13029 | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) | 7.2E‐11 |
| Anxiety | 265/13207 | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) | .020 | |
| Depression | 217/13247 | 1.11 (0.97–1.29) | .12 | |
| Anxiety/depression | 388/13078 | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | .0062 | |
| Screening‐based research diagnoses (CATSS) | ADHD | 1226/12228 | 1.25 (1.17–1.34) | 2.8E‐11 |
| Anxiety | 296/2375 | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | .084 | |
| Depression | 312/2239 | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | .099 | |
| Anxiety/depression | 470/2083 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | .031 | |
| Algorithm‐based research diagnoses (ALSPAC) | ADHD | 199/2732 | 1.76 (1.51–2.05) | 4.9E‐13 |
| Anxiety | 483/1867 | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) | .00046 | |
| Depression | 352/2349 | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | .0027 | |
| Anxiety/depression | 724/1728 | 1.17 (1.07–1.27) | .00063 |
CI: 95% confidence interval. Odds ratios refer to association of ADHD PRS with risk of each diagnosis. ADHD, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; CATSS, Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden; PRS, polygenic risk scores.
a
N.B. In ALSPAC, individuals were considered to be unaffected only if they did not meet criteria for diagnoses at all time points; Ns of unaffected individuals are low due to missing data across time points.