Table 2.
Summary of the most common types of cancer in non‐mammalian vertebrates. Data are included only where the most common cancers were explicitly cited or where large sample sizes allowed an estimate of the most common cancers
| Taxa | Common cancer types | Environment | Reference(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other vertebrates | ||||
| Birds | Cancer of the integument, urinary system, and genital system | Captivity (pet) | Filippich (2004) | |
| Lipoma, lymphosarcoma, fibrosarcoma (Amazon parrots) | Wild | Levine & Practice (2003) | ||
| Reptilians |
Liver tumour (necropsied snakes and lizards) Skin tumour (live snakes) |
Captivity (zoo) | Sykes & Trupkiewicz (2006) | |
| Epithelial neoplasm (snakes) | Captivity (zoo) | Ramsay et al. (1996) | ||
| Amphibians | Skin tumours | Unknown | Balls (1962) | |
| Fishes | Papilloma, malignant tumours of the connective tissue proper, melanomas | Unknown | Schlumberger & Lucké (1948) | |