Table 1.
Association of maternal factors with antepartum stillbirth in a population of 60 121 babies in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project
| Variable | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Population‐attributable percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Low socio‐economic standing | 1.6 (1.2–2.1)* | 9.7 |
| Single marital status | 2.0 (1.4–2.8)* | 4.8 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||
| <18 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6)** | |
| 18–25 | Ref | |
| 26–34 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4)** | |
| 35–39 | 1.2 (0.8–1.7)** | |
| ≥40 | 2.2 (1.4–3.7)** | 3.0 |
| Prior history of hypertension | 4.0 (2.7–5.9)*** | 5.5 |
| HIV/AIDS diagnosed before pregnancy | 4.3 (2.0–9.1)*** | 0.3 |
| Last two pregnancies ended in miscarriage | 1.8 (1.1–3.0)*** | 4.3 |
| Pre‐eclampsia | 1.6 (1.1–3.8)**** | 1.4 |
| Severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP without antepartum haemorrhage | 2.8 (1.5–5.1)**** | 1.6 |
| Severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP with antepartum haemorrhage | 4.2 (1.3–13.6)**** | 2.2 |
| Antepartum haemorrhage without severe pre‐eclampsia | 3.3 (2.5–4.5)**** | 9.0 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 3.3 (2.0–5.6)**** | 7.4 |
| Fetal distress suspected in pregnancy | 2.1 (1.3–2.7)***** | 3.4 |
All models adjusted for country of birth and fetal gender. In addition, the following stepwise adjustments were made: *Model 1, socio‐economic deprivation and marital status; **Model 2, I < 0.2 in Model 1 + maternal age, body mass index, height, weight, parity + smoking, illicit drug use, >5 units of alcohol per week + high‐risk occupation; ***Model 3, P < 0.2 in Model 2+ pre‐existing maternal medical conditions and past obstetric outcomes; ****Model 4, P < 0.2 in Model 3 + maternal illnesses and conditions that develop during in pregnancy; *****Model 5, P < 0.2 in Model 4+ fetal‐related conditions.