Table 2.
Clinical and biochemical factors by quartiles of GDF-15 in apparently healthy participants.
| GDF-15 quartile (ng/L) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Variablea | Total | (400–654) | (656–897) | (897–1154) | (1159–3950) | P valueb |
| Number | 268 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 63.5 (14) | 55 (10.5) | 63 (12) | 67 (10) | 70 (12) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.2 (4) | 25.6 (3.7) | 24.8 (3.7) | 25.4 (3.4) | 25 (5.1) | 0.6698 |
| Sex, female | 75 (28) | 13 (19.4) | 20 (29.9) | 23 (34.3) | 19 (28.4) | 0.2717 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Current or previous smoker | 138 (51.5) | 35 (52.2) | 31 (46.3) | 36 (53.7) | 36 (53.7) | 0.7974 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (24.3) | 131 (21.3) | 141.5 (20.5) | 143 (23) | 144 (31) | 0.0059 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (11) | 80 (11.3) | 80 (11) | 79 (9) | 80 (10) | 0.6224 |
| Biochemical analyses | ||||||
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 57 (68.25) | 44 (45) | 51 (54) | 57 (69.5) | 89 (126) | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 (1.51) | 1.1 (1.13) | 1.1 (1.25) | 1.2 (1.25) | 1.5 (2.02) | 0.1011 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.04 (0.19) | 1 (0.15) | 0.98 (0.2) | 1.06 (0.15) | 1.15 (0.23) | <0.0001 |
a
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage).
b
Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. Chi-square test for categorical variables.
CRP = C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.