Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants
| Variable | Total sample (n=113) | At risk of sarcopenia (n=17) | Not at risk of sarcopenia (n=96) | p-value | Frail (n=39) | Not frail (n=74) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 77.50 (12) | 87 (7) | 75 (11) | <0.001d | 79 (27) | 76 (14) | 0.078d |
| Gender (% women) | 64/112 (57.14) | 14/17 (82.4) | 50/95 (52.6) | 0.032c | 25/39 (64.1) | 39/73 (53.4) | 0.320c |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 25.26±3.45 | 27.37±3.60 | 24.90±3.31 | 0.008e | 25.88±4.12 | 24.93±3.02 | 0.175e |
| Living at home | 77/105 (73.3) | 5/15 (33.3) | 72/90 (80) | 0.001c | 22/36 (61.1) | 55/69 (79.7) | 0.062c |
| At risk of sarcopenia | 15/113 (15) | – | – | – | 11/39 (28.1) | 6/74 (8.1) | 0.011c |
| Frailty | 39/113 (34.5) | 11/17 (64.7) | 28/96 (29.2) | 0.011c | – | – | |
| Malnourished | 2/90 (2.2) | 0/9 (0) | 2/81 (2.5) | 0.166f | 0/29 (0) | 2/61 (3.3) | 0.244f |
| At risk for malnutrition | 12/90 (13.3) | 3/9 (33.3) | 9/81 (11.1) | 6/29 (20.7) | 6/61 (9.8) | ||
| Normal nutritional status | 76/90 (84.4) | 6/9 (66.6) | 70/81 (86.4) | 23/29 (79.3) | 53/61 (86.9) | ||
| Sedentary | 5/105 (4.8) | 1/16 (6.25) | 4/89 (4.5) | 0.247f | 1/35 (2.85) | 4/70 (5.7) | 0.356f |
| Underactive | 53/105 (50.5) | 5/16 (31.25) | 48/89 (53.9) | 15/35 (42.85) | 38/70 (54.3) | ||
| Active | 47/105 (44.8) | 10/16 (62.5) | 37/89 (41.6) | 19/35 (54.3) | 28/70 (40) | ||
| Subject exercises strength and flexibility | 13/105 (12.4) | 2/15 (13.3) | 11/90 (12.2) | 1.000c | 4/38 (10.5) | 9/67 (13.4) | 0.766c |
| Interested in PE + Nu intervention | 37/110 (33.6) | 5/16 (31.3) | 32/94 (34.0) | 1.000c | 14/38 (36.8) | 23/72 (31.9) | 0.673c |
Notes:
a
Data expressed as frequencies (percentages), median and interquartile range,
b
or mean (± SD).
c
Fisher’s exact tests;
d
Wilcoxon signed-rank test;
e
Unpaired t-test;
f
chi-square tests.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PE, physical exercise; Nu, nutritional; SD, standard deviation.