Table 4.

Preferred exercise location, nutritional format, and nutritional timing

Program format	Total sample	At risk of sarcopenia	Not at risk of sarcopenia	Frail	Not frail
Preferred exercise program
In group	2.19±1.23	2.20±0.94	2.19±1.28	2.21±1.28	2.19±1.22
Independently at home	2.15±1.14	2.33±1.23	2.12±1.13	2.36±1.06	2.03±1.18
Combination of group and at home	2.06±1.19	1.33±1.13	2.17±1.18	2.00±1.21	2.09±1.20
p-value	0.137	0.150	0.340	0.794	0.226
Preferred nutritional format
Powder	1.85±1.25	1.59±1.13	1.89±1.26	1.64±1.06	1.96±1.34
Liquid 250 mL	1.81±1.13	1.82±1.24	1.80±1.12	1.72±1.05	1.86±1.18
Liquid 125 mL	1.90±1.17	1.82±1.24	1.91±1.16	1.87±1.06	1.92±1.23
Liquid 30 mL concentrated	1.45±1.08	1.47±0.94	1.45±1.11	1.54±1.05	1.41±1.10
Tablet	2.52±1.26	1.94±1.25	2.62±1.24	2.46±1.27	2.55±1.26
p-value	<0.001	0.372	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Preferred nutritional timing
Spread over the meals	1.63±1.10	1.47±1.13	1.66±1.10	1.67±1.16	1.61±1.08
Pulsed	2.63±1.25	2.18±1.33	2.71±1.22	2.82±1.14	2.52±1.29
p-value	<0.001	0.110	<0.001	0.001	<0.001

Notes: Values are mean ± SD. Comparison differences between preferred exercise program formats within one group were made by using Friedman’s ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation.