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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 28.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2018 Jun 28;174(1):32–43.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.012

Figure 3. Dorsal striatum is necessary for sequence execution, which is distinctly controlled by dSPNs and iSPNs.

Figure 3

(A) Behavioral efficiency of sequence performance in trained mice during the muscimol infusion day and the pre-/post-control days (n = 7 mice; main effect of treatment F2,12 = 32.44, P < 0.0001; muscimol vs. pre-/post-control, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). (B) Percentage of sequences beginning with the ‘LL’ subsequence (LL− − : main effect of treatment F2,12 = 7.859, P = 0.0066; muscimol vs. pre-/post-control, P = 0.007 and P = 0.0309, respectively) or ending with the ‘RR’ subsequence (− − RR: no main effect of treatment F2,12 = 2.958, P = 0.0903). (C) Percentage of sequences containing each appropriate element position (L− − − : main effect of treatment F2,12 = 6.604, P = 0.0116; muscimol vs. pre-/post-control, P = 0.0147 and P = 0.0338, respectively; − L − − : main effect of treatment F2,12 = 7.59, P = 0.0074; muscimol vs. pre-/post-control, P = 0.0072 and P = 0.0407, respectively; − − R− : no main effect of treatment F2,12 = 2.138, P = 0.1606; − − − R: no main effect of treatment F2,12 = 3.754, P = 0.0542). (D) Timeline for animal training and DT-mediated dSPN or iSPN ablation. (E) Cell ablation in sham- or AAV-FLEX-DTR-GFP-injected hemispheres following I.P. DT injection in D1-cre;D1-eGFP or A2a-cre;D2-eGFP mice. (F) Example of control, dSPN-ablation, and iSPN-ablation mouse behavior on the day of testing. Data are aligned to magazine entry at time zero. (G) Behavioral efficiency for control (n = 8), dSPN-ablation (n = 7), and iSPN-ablation (n = 8) mice (Test Day: main effect of treatment F2,20 = 22.28, P = 0.0041; Tukey’s multiple comparison test, control vs. dSPN-ablation, P < 0.0001; control vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.0051; dSPN-ablation vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.0118) (Day 1 control vs. dSPN-ablation, unpaired t-test, t21 = 0.0302, P = 0.9762). (H) Percentage of sequences starting with a left press for control, dSPN-ablation, and iSPN-ablation mice on the day of testing (Main effect of treatment F2,20 = 9.452, P = 0.0013; control vs. dSPN-ablation, P = 0.0018; control vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.8483; dSPN-ablation vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.0059). (I) Percentage of sequences ending with a right press for control, dSPN-ablation, and iSPN-ablation mice on the day of testing (No main effect of treatment F2,20 = 2.929, P = 0.0766). (J) Averaged number of L-R switches per sequence for control, dSPN-ablation, and iSPN-ablation mice on the day of testing (Main effect of treatment F2,20 = 5.379, P = 0.0135; control vs. dSPN-ablation, P = 0.0057; control vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.0241; dSPN-ablation vs. iSPN-ablation, P = 0.4671). Muscimol and ablation data were analyzed using repeated-measures one-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. See also Figure S3.