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. 2018 Jul 23;13(7):e0199519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199519

Table 2. RMSE results.

LPS GPS VID ANOVA
Median ±SD Median ±SD Median ±SD p ES Sign. diff. groups
dRMSE (m) Sport-specific course (SSC) 0.27 0.05 0.88 0.22 0.57 0.09 *** large ALL
Shuttle run (SHU) 0.22 0.13 1.33 0.54 0.59 0.28 *** large ALL
Small-sided game (SSG) 0.23 0.05 0.81 0.41 0.56 0.12 *** large ALL
vRMSE (m⋅s-1) Sport-specific course (SSC) 0.35 0.06 0.32 0.01 0.41 0.07 ** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Shuttle run (SHU) 0.31 0.04 0.39 0.08 0.52 0.08 *** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Small-sided game (SSG) 0.36 0.06 0.39 0.06 0.47 0.08 *** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Standing (pooled) 0.34 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.26 *** medium GPS&LPS / VID&LPS
Low speed (pooled) 0.26 0.07 0.26 0.13 0.33 0.12 *** medium GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Moderate speed (pooled) 0.25 0.07 0.27 0.07 0.43 0.10 *** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Elevated speed (pooled) 0.34 0.12 0.37 0.19 0.49 0.24 *** small GPS&VID / LPS&VID
High speed (pooled) 0.39 0.13 0.37 0.25 0.50 0.30
Very high speed (pooled) 0.37 0.12 0.39 0.13 0.61 0.43 * medium GPS&VID / LPS&VID
aRMSE (m⋅s-2) Sport-specific course (SSC) 0.69 0.16 1.18 0.14 0.78 0.16 *** large GPS&LPS / GPS&VID
Shuttle run (SHU) 0.58 0.10 0.56 0.17 0.80 0.15 *** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID
Small-sided game (SSG) 0.69 0.13 0.69 0.14 0.97 0.19 *** large GPS&VID / LPS&VID

Presented as median ± standard deviation (SD). Inter-system differences in accuracy levels were tested using repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). p values are presented as * (p ≤ 0.05), ** (p ≤ 0.01) and *** (p ≤ 0.001). η2 effect sizes (ES) for the analysis of variance were classified as small (0.02–0.12), medium (0.13–0.25) and large (>0.26). Homogeneous subsets are listed if Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis did not result in significant difference between individual groups. GPS = Global Positioning System; LPS = Local Positioning System, VID = video system; dRMSE = distance root mean square error; vRMSE = velocity root mean square error; aRMSE = acceleration root mean square error.