Table 5. Characteristics of US-bound Myanmar refugees in camps along Myanmar–Thailand border associated with increased risk for infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum or Necator americanus hookworm, Thailand, 2012–2015*.
Category |
N. americanus
|
|
A. ceylanicum
|
||
Odds ratio |
p value |
Odds ratio |
p value |
||
Children compared with infants and toddlers | 8.17 | 0.0025 | NS | NS | |
Adults compared with children | 3.83 | <0.0001 | NS | NS | |
Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection | 2.08 | 0.0017 | NA | NA | |
Trichuris trichiura infection | 1.90 | <0.0001 | NS | NS | |
Entamoeba histolytica infection | 1.79 | 0.0173 | NS | NS | |
Ascaris lumbricoides infection | 1.71 | <0.0001 | NS | NS | |
Residence at camp 1, Mae La | 1.27 | 0.0039 | 0.69 | 0.0303 | |
Female sex | 0.68 | <0.0001 | 0.57 | <0.0001 | |
Necator americanus infection | NA | NA | 2.08 | 0.0018 |
*We built the following factors into the model: other infections (Strongyloides stercoralis, A. lumbricoides, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., T. trichiura, Giardia duodenalis); camp (1, 2, 3); age (infants and toddlers <2 years of age, children 2–18 years of age, adults >18 years of age); and sex. Associations with Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were not significant. We used a generalized linear model that used overdispersion with binomial distribution and logit link, and we performed maximum-likelihood analysis using JMP 12.0.1 (https://www.jmp.com/en_us/home.html). NA, not applicable; NS, not significant.