Fig. 4.

Hydrodynamic parameter distribution computed along the spine in terms of: (a) peak CSF velocity, (b) cross-sectional area, (c) hydraulic diameter and Womersley number, α, (d) Reynolds number, for internal flow within a tube, Re, (e) Stokes–Reynolds number based on Stokes-layer thickness, ${\text{Re}}_{\delta }$, and (f) Reynolds number for external flow over a NR, Re_NR