(A) Mouse kidney mass, (B) total kidney protein, and (C) percentage water, protein, DNA and RNA content measured in control and GDF11-treated mice at the indicated time after injection (n = 4–12 per group). (D) PAS staining and (E) morphometric analysis for tubular area and glomerular area in control and GDF11 treated mice. (F) Immunhistochemical staining for PCNA shows positive nuclei in tubules and interstitial cells but not glomeruli. (G) Western blot for PCNA in kidney extracts from control and GDF11-treated mice at the indicated day (d) post injection. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001