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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surgery. 2018 May 3;164(2):262–273. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.03.008

Figure 4. Systemic GDF11 treatment induces renal fibrosis by 12 days.

Figure 4

(A) Histological evidence of fibrotic change in kidneys from GDF-11-treated mice, including Sirius red staining (top panel) and quantification, Masson’s Trichrome staining (lower panel) and quantification of each (right). (B) Immunohistochemical staining for collagen IV and (C) for vimentin increased in kidney sections from GDF11-treated mice. (D) qPCR analysis of expression of Col1a1, Col4a3, Col3a1, Tgfb1, and Cdh1 mRNA in GDF-11-treated kidneys at 12 d, normalized to Gapdh and expressed relative to control-treated kidney from the same day (n = 4 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001