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. 2018 Jul 23;7:25. doi: 10.1186/s40169-018-0200-y

Table 8.

Descriptive statistics for both groups are presented below; Mann–Whitney U-tests, effect sizes (d) and significance levels (p) N = 124

PC-post injury HC PC post injury vs HC
n = 62 n = 62
M SD M SD Mann–Whitney U r a p
Total PTSD 0.90 1.28 0.18 0.43 1282.00 0.34 0.000
Total PC-TSS 19.52 19.51 2.83 4.26 613.00 0.58 0.000
Migraine cluster 8.52 9.07 0.63 1.72 554.00 0.65 0.000
Cognitive cluster 6.76 6.98 1.29 2.42 909.00 0.48 0.000
Sleep cluster 2.37 3.12 1.00 1.75 1458.00 0.23 0.000
NeuroPsy cluster 1.76 3.56 0.48 1.49 1529.50 0.22 0.000

PC post concussion, HC healthy control, M mean, SD standard deviation, r effect size, p Asymp. Sig. (2 tailed)

aSmall effect size = 0.1; medium effect size = 0.3 and large effect size is 0.5 [21]