Table 8.
Descriptive statistics for both groups are presented below; Mann–Whitney U-tests, effect sizes (d) and significance levels (p) N = 124
| PC-post injury | HC | PC post injury vs HC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 62 | n = 62 | ||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | Mann–Whitney U | r a | p | |
| Total PTSD | 0.90 | 1.28 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 1282.00 | 0.34 | 0.000 |
| Total PC-TSS | 19.52 | 19.51 | 2.83 | 4.26 | 613.00 | 0.58 | 0.000 |
| Migraine cluster | 8.52 | 9.07 | 0.63 | 1.72 | 554.00 | 0.65 | 0.000 |
| Cognitive cluster | 6.76 | 6.98 | 1.29 | 2.42 | 909.00 | 0.48 | 0.000 |
| Sleep cluster | 2.37 | 3.12 | 1.00 | 1.75 | 1458.00 | 0.23 | 0.000 |
| NeuroPsy cluster | 1.76 | 3.56 | 0.48 | 1.49 | 1529.50 | 0.22 | 0.000 |
PC post concussion, HC healthy control, M mean, SD standard deviation, r effect size, p Asymp. Sig. (2 tailed)
aSmall effect size = 0.1; medium effect size = 0.3 and large effect size is 0.5 [21]