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. 2018 Jul 23;8:11107. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29502-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cilia disassembly induced by cyclic strain is caused by activation of TGFβ receptors and HDAC6. Primary cilia (a) prevalence and (b) length in unstrained cells and cyclic strained cells (24 hours, 3%, 1 Hz) for cells treated with either TGFβ; TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TGFβ-RI) or tubacin. For comparison across different experiments cilia length has been normalised to the corresponding unstrained control. Prevalence data represent mean values with error bars indicate standard error for n = 8 ± 4 fields of view. Corresponding relative lengths are shown as box and whisker plots for N = 120 ± 60 cilia. Images taken from cells from 3 donors for untreated cells, TGFβ-RI treated cells and tubacin treated cells, images were taken from a single donor for TGFβ treated cells. Data analysed using 2-factor Anova. Groups and interactions were significant at p < 0.001 for both length and prevalence. Post-hoc testing was performed using Tukey-Kramer. Statistically significant differences are indicated relative to unstrained control at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01(**), p < 0.001 (***) and between groups p < 0.05 (^#), p < 0.01(^##), p < 0.001 (^###).