Table 1.

Characteristics of Spousal Dyads by Location of Death before and after Propensity Score Matching

	Before Matching			After Matching
	In‐Hospital Death (%)	Nonhospital Death (%)	Standardized Difference	In‐Hospital Death (%)	Nonhospital Death (%)	Standardized Difference
Sample, n	528	831		526	822
Spouse
Age at death, years	77.6	78.0	0.06	77.6	77.7	0.01
Female	69.3	69.1	−0.01	69.6	69.0	−0.01
Networth, lowest quartile	15.9	15.9	−0.00	16.0	15.7	−0.01
Race, white, non‐Hispanic	80.1	88.39	0.23	80.4	81.7	0.03
Education, high school degree	69.5	74.5	0.11	69.6	71.5	0.04
SRH poor or fair	32.6	31.9	−0.01	32.7	32.5	−0.00
No comorbidities	14.6	16.9	0.06	14.6	14.5	−0.00
Mild comorbidities	74.1	73.0	−0.03	74.0	74.1	0.00
Moderate/severe comorbidities	11.4	10.4	−0.03	11.4	11.5	0.00
Dependent in ADLs	12.1	10.1	−0.06	12.0	11.6	−0.01
Primary caregiver EOL	52.7	57.3	0.09	52.9	53.2	0.01
Decedent
Age at death, years	80.8	78.0	0.12	80.0	80.1	0.01
SRH poor or fair	58.1	63.9	0.12	58.2	56.1	−0.04
Dependent in ADLs	31.1	42.1	0.23	31.0	29.7	−0.03
Probable dementia	23.1	31.41	0.19	23.2	22.6	−0.01
Cancer diagnosis	22.2	33.5	0.25	22.2	21.0	−0.03
No comorbidities	7.6	5.8	0.06	7.6	7.9	0.01
Mild comorbidities	67.6	69.9	−0.03	67.7	68.9	0.03
Moderate/severe comorbidities	24.8	24.3	−0.03	24.7	23.2	−0.04
Nursing home resident	4.2	12.0	0.29	4.2	4.1	−0.01
VA Insurance	5.3	7.8	0.10	5.3	5.5	0.01
Had advance directive	55.5	62.8	0.12	55.5	56.6	0.02
Death expected by family	48.1	67.0	0.15	48.3	47.2	−0.02
Region
Quartile EOL spending by HRR: Low	14.6	18.7	0.11	14.6	15.3	0.02
Quartile EOL spending by HRR: Mid‐low	18.8	24.7	0.14	18.8	19.7	0.02
Quartile EOL spending by HRR: Mid‐high	34.3	33.2	−0.02	34.4	33.9	−0.01
Quartile EOL spending by HRR: High	32.4	23.5	−0.20	32.1	31.1	−0.02

Mild comorbidities = 1–3; Moderate/severe = 4.

ADL, activities of daily living; EOL, end of life; HRR, Hospital Referral Region; SRH, Self‐reported health; VA, Veteran's Administration.