Table 1.
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in human SLE.
| Study | Patients (n) | |
|---|---|---|
| Circulating Tfh | ||
| He et al. (58) | 26 | Expansion of cTfh cells |
| Simpson et al. (88) | 46 | Expansion of cTfh cells No association with disease activity. Correlation with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Terrier et al. (89) | 25 | Expansion of cTfh cells |
| Feng et al. (90) | 42 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with disease activity and with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Wang et al. (91) | 23 | Expansion of cTfh cells |
| Yang et al. (92) | 30 | Expansion of cTfh cells in patients with active SLE Correlation with disease activity |
| Zhang et al. (93) | 29 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Choi et al (94) | 57 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with disease activity and with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Szabo et al. (95) | 25 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Umeda et al. (96) | 64 | Expansion of cTfh cells |
| Xu et al. (97) | 40 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with disease activity and with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Huang et al. (98) | 70 | Expansion of cTfh cells Correlation with disease activity and with the titers of autoantibodies |
| Le Coz et al. (99) | 23 | Expansion of cTfh2 cells in patients with active SLE. Decrease in Tfh1 cell subset percentage |
| Tissue level | ||
| Liarski et al. (105) | 42 | Identification of functional Tfh cells in lesions of lupus nephritis. Close proximity between B cells and Tfh cells |
| Chang et al. (106) | 68 | Presence of T:B cell aggregates or GCs in the tubulointerstitial infiltrate of lupus nephritis |
cTfh cells, circulating Tfh cells; GC, germinal center; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.