Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study population (n = 795) comparing non-COPD and COPD, and by GOLD stage.
| Characteristic | Non-COPD n = 428 | COPD n = 367 | p value | GOLD 1 n = 177 | GOLD 2 n = 172 | GOLD 3–4 n = 18 | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, n (%) | 195 (55.7) | 155 (44.3) | 0.346 | 83 (46.9) | 67 (39.0) | 5 (27.8) | 0.051 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 70.0 (9.4) | 71.9 (8.9) | 0.004 | 72.1 (9.3) | 71.6 (8.5) | 74.1 (7.8) | 0.502b |
| Age (years), range | 43–94 | 43–94 | 44–94 | 43–94 | 60–89 | ||
| FEV1 (percentage of predicted), mean (SD) | 97.0 (13.8) | 78.7 (16.9) | <0.001 | 92.3 (9.6) | 68.7 (8.4) | 41.0 (7.0) | <0.001 b |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.6 (4.3) | 26.8 (4.3) | 0.005 | 26.3 (3.6) | 27.3 (4.7) | 25.7 (4.9) | 0.036 b |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 27 (6.3) | 68 (18.5) | <0.001 | 22 (12.4) | 39 (22.7) | 7 (38.9) | 0.001 |
| mMRC Dyspnea scale ⩾2, n (%) | 6 (1.5) | 44 (13.1) | <0.001 | 13 (16.2) | 25 (16.2) | 6 (37.5) | 0.001 |
| Chronic cough, n (%) | 136 (31.9) | 183 (50.3) | <0.001 | 66 (37.9) | 103 (59.9) | 14 (77.8) | <0.001 |
| Chronic productive cough, n (%) | 134 (31.5) | 188 (51.4) | <0.001 | 77 (43.5) | 96 (56.1) | 15 (83.3) | <0.001 |
| Recurrent wheeze, n (%) | 30 (7.0) | 71 (19.3) | <0.001 | 16 (9.0) | 49 (28.5) | 6 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Any respiratory symptom, n (%) | 174 (41.6) | 238 (65.7) | <0.001 | 90 (51.7) | 132 (77.6) | 16 (88.9) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety/depression, n (%) | 50 (11.7) | 54 (14.8) | 0.205 | 22 (12.4) | 31 (18.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0.155 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 61 (14.3) | 67 (18.4) | 0.124 | 25 (14.3) | 39 (22.7) | 3 (16.7) | 0.116 |
| Clinically relevant fatigue, n (%) | 120 (28.0) | 137 (37.3) | 0.005 | 50 (28.2) | 75 (43.6) | 12 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| Healthcare contacts, n (%)c | 35 (8.2) | 64 (17.4) | <0.001 | 18 (10.2) | 39 (22.7) | 7 (38.9) | <0.001 |
a
Test for trend . bOne-way ANOVA. cDue to respiratory symptoms (last 12 months). Significant values in bold.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.