TPL2 knockout reduces TcdB-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines by BMDCs. BMDCs from TPL2-floxed (Flox) or knockout (TPL2-KO) mice in 24-well plates were exposed to TcdB (200 ng/ml) for 6 h, after which supernatants were collected for determination of the production of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), KC (C), and TNF-α (D) by ELISA. The results presented are representative of three independent experiments (n = 3). Bars stand for means; error bars, standard deviations. Asterisks indicate significant differences (*, P < 0.05) between the Flox/TcdB and TPL2-KO/TcdB groups. Con, control.