FIG 3.

Gene expression profiles of immune mediators in chMDMs in response to infection with a wider selection of S. Pullorum and S. Enteritidis strains maintain the patterns of the representative strains used. At 6 h p.i., mRNA expression of IL-12α, IL-18, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and TGF-β4 was detected in chMDMs from 3 chickens. The data are shown as fold changes in the mRNA levels of cytokines in comparison to those from uninfected controls (shown as 1) and are representative of results from three independent experiments. + indicates differences between levels of cytokines induced by each serovar compared to PBS-treated uninfected controls (+, P < 0.05; ++, P < 0.01); * indicates differences between levels of cytokines induced by different serovars (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01).