FIG 6.

PIP₃ broadly induces the phagocytosis of nonmotile Gram-negative pathogens. Murine WT BMDCs were assayed for relative in vitro phagocytosis of V. cholerae motX, K. pneumoniae KPPR1, or E. coli K-12 fliC (MOI of 10) by standard gentamicin protection assay after preincubation in the absence or presence of 12 μM PIP₃. The data were normalized to phagocytosis of bacterial strains without PIP₃ treatment and are represented as fold increase in phagocytosis. All data were analyzed using an unpaired t test with Welch's correction and are representative of at least two independent biological experiments (n ≥8). ***, P ≤ 0.0005; **, P ≤ 0.005, for results compared to those without PIP₃ treatment.