Table 2.
Different NS1-based vaccine strategies in mouse models
| Vaccine type | Approaches | Challenge/routes | Mouse | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | Full length NS1 + CFA adjuvant | Lethal amount of DENV2 (NGC) from suckling mouse brain/i.c. | CD1 | 88% survival; 35% reduction in morbidity | [98] |
| Recombinant vaccinia virusexpressed NS1 | 100 IC50 of DENV4 (H241) or DENV2 (NGC)/i.c. | BALB/c | 63-100% survival | [116] | |
| rEC204-NS1N65 –protein A | 100 LD50 of DENV2 (NGC)/i.c. | BALB/c | 100% survival | [117] | |
| rNS1+ LTG33D adjuvant | 4.32 log10 PFU of DENV2 (NGC)/i.c. | BALB/c | 50% survival; 10% reduction in morbidity | [118] | |
| ΔC NS1# + CFA adjuvant | 9×107 PFU of DENV2 (16681)/i.d. | C3H/HeN | 66% reduction in hemorrhage; rescue partial bleeding prolong | [96] | |
| Chimeric DJ NS1## + CFA adjuvant | 9×107 PFU of DENV2 (16681)/i.d. | C3H/HeN | 66% reduction in hemorrhage; rescue partial bleeding prolong | [96] | |
| Full DENV 1-4 NS1 + MPLA/AddaVax adjuvant | 1×107 of DENV2 (adapted strain D220)/i.v. | Ifnar−/−C57BL/6 | 60-100% survival; reduce viremia and NS1 antigenemia | [38] | |
| Subunit peptide | Modified NS1-WDa+ CFA adjuvant | 2×108 PFU of DENV1-4/i.d.; 4×107 PFU of DENV2 (454009A)/i.v. | C3H/HeN; STAT1-/- C57BL/6 | 100% survival; reduce viremia and NS1 antigenemia; 70-90% reduction in hemorrhage; rescue partial bleeding prolong | [97] |
| pD2NS1/pD2NS1+ pIL-2 | 5×106 -107 PFU of DENV2 (PL046)/i.v. | C3H | 50-80% survival; 70-80% reduction in morbidity | [119] | |
| DNA vaccine | pcTPANS1b | 4.32 log10 PFU of DENV2 (NGC)/i.c. | BALB/C | 100% survival | [120, 121] |
| pcENS1c | 4.32 log10 PFU of DENV2 (NGC)/i.c. | BALB/C | 86.7% survival; 60% reduction in morbidity | [122] |
aNS1-WD: wing domain region of NS1
bTPA: human tissue plasminogen activator; a secretory signal sequence.
cpcENS1: encoding the C-terminal E protein plus the full NS1 region