Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for the analytic sample (N = 3,809)
| Variables | % / Mean (SD) | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic covariates | ||
| Age | 55.4 (12.45) | 28 – 84 |
| Female gender | 53.3% | |
| White race | 86.0% | |
| Minority race/ethnicity | 10.9% | |
| Parental / personal education: | 5.71 (2.88) / 7.20 (2.52) | 1 – 12 |
| Less than high school | 25.7% / 7.5% | |
| High school degree | 35.5 % / 25.5% | |
| Some college | 15.8% / 29.9% | |
| Graduated 4-year college | 23.0 % / 37.1% | |
| Participant SES | 0.0 (1.00) | −3.46 – 3.90 |
| Lifetime trauma | 1.15 (1.41) | 0 – 8 |
| Parental alcohol abusea | 22.9% | |
| Parental drug usea | 1.6% | |
| Parent dieda | 6.3% | |
| Parental divorcea | 16.6% | |
| Emotional abuse (often) a | 11.2% | |
| Moderate/severe physical abusea | 27.0% / 12.0% | |
| Child diedb | 14.2% | |
| Child life threatening illnessb | 12.2 % | |
| Physical assaultb | 14.2% | |
| Sexual assaultb | 14.2% | |
| Lost home to fire, flood, etc.b | 6.7% | |
| Experienced combatb | 8.2% | |
| Perceived Control | 7.6% | |
| Mastery | 5.74 (1.03) | 1 – 7 |
| Perceived constraints | 2.58 (1.18) | 1 – 7 |
| Other Covariates | ||
| Chronic disease | 2.43 (2.38) | 0 – 13 |
| ADL Limitations | 1.56 (0.73) | 1 – 4 |
| Self-rated health | 3.54 (1.02) | 1 – 5 |
| Depression | 10.0% | |
| Neuroticism | 2.07 (0.63) | 1 – 4 |
| Social support | 3.46 (0.46) | 1 – 4 |
| Pack-years smoked | 16.8 (28.24) | 0 – 244.80 |
| Alcoholic drinks per week | 11.4 (20.62) | 0 – 83 |
| Alcohol problems | 3.5% |
Notes. SEI = Socioeconomic index; ADL = Activities of daily living
a
Survey items asked whether these experiences occurred during childhood
b
Survey items asked whether these experiences occurred at any point in life