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. 2018 Jul 26;113(9):e180212. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760180212

TABLE II. Medical devices and implants in which microbial biofilm formation is a problem.

Abdominal drains Intrauterine contraceptive devices
Artificial voice prostheses Intravenous catheters
Artificial hip prostheses Nephrostomy tubes
Breast implants Orthodental prosthetics
Cannulation Orthopedic devices
Cardiac pacemakers Peritoneal dialysis catheters
Cardiovascular valves Prosthetic joints
Cerebrospinal fluid shunts Silicone rubber prosthesis
Contact or intraocular lenses Stents
Dental implants Tissue fillers
Electrical dialyzers Urinary catheters
Endotracheal tubes Ventriculoperitoneal shunts
Implanted prosthetic devices for erectile dysfunction Voice prostheses