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. 2018 Jul 17;9:1209. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01209

Table 3.

Descriptive data on strategy choices for children in third- and fifth-grade; showing the number of children who used the strategy at least once (n), the range, and the observed frequencies according grade, condition, complexity, and presentation format.

Third graders Fifth graders
No borrow Borrow No borrow Borrow
Simple Complex Simple Complex Simple Complex Simple Complex
n Range Col Row Col Row Col Row Col Row n Range Col Row Col Row Col Row Col Row
Experiment 1 (n = 76) (n = 79)
Retrieval 29 0–14 90 94 0 1 1 1 1 0 38 0–18 188 192 5 7 2 0 2 1
Counting 31 0–23 47 50 2 3 28 29 10 17 28 0–16 27 28 5 0 18 24 1 2
Left-to-right 25 0–32 6 4 6 6 60 83 40 38 48 0–32 30 31 42 52 165 182 117 137
Right-to-Left 71 0–32 138 143 282 6 147 121 217 38 61 0–32 35 34 230 52 86 78 177 137
Other 34 0–32 15 5 6 7 76 78 44 52 34 0–30 8 3 6 3 73 60 47 45
Experiment 2 (n = 88) (n = 87)
Retrieval 39 0-19 59 74 27 20 28 29 12 14 70 0–27 171 181 48 40 60 86 24 25
Counting 76 0-32 121 127 98 95 115 109 59 56 59 0–30 40 44 43 35 81 77 71 52
Left-to-right 42 0-25 28 22 30 27 61 53 64 60 59 0–26 13 28 49 65 79 77 101 129
Right-to-Left 86 0-32 168 153 221 234 124 137 193 198 78 0–32 104 75 188 188 148 128 172 162

n is the number of individuals in each grade who reported using the procedure at least once. Col, columnar (vertical) presentation; Row, horizontal presentation.