Table 7.
Examples of drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.
| Primary Polymer |
Other Component |
Fabrication Method |
Drug Encapsulated |
Size (nm) |
Zeta Potential (mV) |
Encapsulation Efficiency (%) |
In Vitro Release |
In Vivo Observations |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | CsA | 293±9 | +37±0.9 | 73.4 | ~65% in 1 h and ~70% in 24 h | achieved therapeutic drug levels in external ocular tissues and maintained for at least 48 h | [90] |
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | dorzolamide HCl; pramipexole HCl | 275 to 452 | - | - | ~60–80% in 4 h (dorzo); ~70–100% in 24 h (prami) | - | [91] |
| Chitosan | TPP; sodium alginate (in situ gel) | ionotropic gelation | dorzolamide HCl | 164±10.2 | - | 98.1 | ~50–60% in 8 h | gamma scintigraphy showed retention of formulation at the corneal surface for at least 2 h | [267] |
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | acyclovir | 200±30 | +36.7±1.5 | 56 to 80 | ~20% in 1 h and 90% in 24 h | - | [277] |
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | 5-fluorouracil | 114 to 192 | +30±4 | 8 to 34 | ~20% in 30 min and ~60% in 8 h | 3.5 fold higher AUC(0–8h) of drug in aqueous humor compared to drug solution | [94] |
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | carteolol | ~100 to 250 | - | ~40 to 80 | ~30% in 1 h and 80% in 24 h | gamma scintigraphy showed good spread and retention of formulation at the corneal surface compared to drug solution and prolonged IOP reduction | [113] |
| Chitosan | TPP | ionotropic gelation | ketorolac tromethamine | 108 to 257 | 16.6 to 22.9 | 34.9 to 73.48 | ~100% in 5–6 h | - | [114] |