Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Pre-intervention Group (n = 105) |
Postintervention Group (n = 105) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 64 (54.5–75) | 61 (51.5–73.5) | .138 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 55 (52) | 59 (56) | .580 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) a | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | .143 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR)a | 15 (10–20) | 16 (10–20) | .491 |
| ≥2 SIRS criteria, n (%)a | 58 (55) | 47 (45) | .129 |
| Vasopressor use, n (%)a | 13 (12) | 12 (11) | .831 |
| Ventilation, n (%)a,b | 22 (21) | 21 (20) | .864 |
| Concomitant nephrotoxins, n (%)c | 81 (77) | 73 (70) | .212 |
| MDRO risk factors | |||
| Antibiotics within 90 dd | 44 (42) | 53 (51) | .213 |
| Hospitalized >48 h in 90 d | 39 (37) | 51 (49) | .094 |
| Immunosuppressede | 21 (20) | 25 (24) | .505 |
| Pneumonia diagnosed >48 h after admission | 19 (18) | 19 (18) | 1.0 |
| Long-term care residence | 16 (15) | 7 (7) | .047 |
| Outpatient dialysis | 3 (3) | 8 (8) | .214 |
| Nonambulatory statusf | 6 (6) | 3 (3) | .498 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
aEvaluated at the time of culture finalization.
bFraction of inspired oxygen >50 or positive-end expiratory pressure >5.
cReceived nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, acyclovir, angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotension receptor blocker, aminoglycoside, amphotericin, methotrexate, or intravenous contrast dye for 1 day prior or any day after initial culture reporting while on broad spectrum antimicrobials.
dReceived antimicrobials for >48 hours within 90 days.
e Transplant patients, on immunosuppressive medications, presence of malignancy, chemotherapy within 3 months, CD4 count <350, on steroid equivalent of prednisone 10 mg for at least 30 days, radiotherapy within 3 months.
f Bedridden or using a wheelchair.