Table 2.
Maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine PUFAs in pregnancy and PPWR at 18 months (n=653)1
| Omega-3 PUFAs (%) | PPWR (kg) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||||||
| β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | |
| ALA | 0.32 | -1.95, 2.60 | 0.781 | 0.19 | -2.00, 2.39 | 0.863 | 0.03 | -2.16, 2.21 | 0.981 | 0.12 | -2.06, 2.29 | 0.915 |
| EPA | -0.99 | -1.55, -0.43 | 0.001 | -0.62 | -1.18, -0.05 | 0.032 | -0.64 | -1.19, -0.09 | 0.024 | -0.49 | -1.05, 0.08 | 0.091 |
| DHA | -0.26 | -0.48, -0.04 | 0.021 | -0.24 | -0.45, -0.02 | 0.030 | -0.24 | -0.46, -0.03 | 0.026 | -0.19 | -0.40, 0.03 | 0.090 |
| Total Omega-3 | -0.25 | -0.42, -0.08 | 0.004 | -0.20 | -0.36, -0.03 | 0.022 | -0.21 | -0.37, -0.04 | 0.013 | -0.15 | -0.32, 0.02 | 0.079 |
| LA | 0.05 | -0.04, 0.15 | 0.265 | 0.02 | -0.07, 0.11 | 0.698 | 0.01 | -0.09, 0.10 | 0.958 | 0.02 | -0.07, 0.12 | 0.617 |
| AA | -0.14 | -0.32, 0.05 | 0.145 | -0.03 | -0.22, 0.16 | 0.763 | -0.01 | -0.19, 0.19 | 0.990 | -0.04 | -0.23, 0.15 | 0.710 |
| Total Omega-6 | 0.06 | -0.03, 0.16 | 0.198 | 0.05 | -0.04, 0.14 | 0.289 | 0.04 | -0.06, 0.13 | 0.465 | 0.05 | -0.05, 0.14 | 0.345 |
| Omega-6:Omega-3 ratio | 0.24 | 0.08, 0.40 | 0.003 | 0.21 | 0.05, 0.36 | 0.011 | 0.20 | 0.05, 0.36 | 0.011 | 0.16 | 0.01, 0.32 | 0.042 |
Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Values are presented in regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model 1 was unadjusted; Model 2 was adjusted for maternal age, education, ethnicity, parity, gestational diabetes, early pregnancy body mass index, physical activity, smoking exposure and total energy intake; Model 3 was adjusted as for model 2 and additionally adjusted for gestational weight gain per week and mode of infant feeding; Model 4 was adjusted as for model 2 and additionally adjusted for fish oil supplementation. AA, arachidonic acid; ALA, α-linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LA, linoleic acid; CI, confidence interval; PPWR, postpartum weight retention; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.