Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Pre- and Post-smoking measures of abstinence symptoms as a function of nicotine yield. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. MNWS refers to the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (possible range 7–35). QSU refers to the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges. PANAS Negative refers to the Positive and Negative Affect Scale measure (possible range 1–7), Negative Affect subscale (possible range 10–50). All pre-post comparisons are significant (p’s<.05).
