Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Quartile of α1-microglobulin in Health ABC Subcohort (n=502)
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A1M <0.50 mg/dL) | (A1M 0.50–0.90 mg/dL) | (A1M 0.91–1.60 mg/dL) | (A1M >1.60 mg/dL) | ||
| No. of patients | 502 | 156 | 119 | 113 | 114 |
| Age, y | 74 ± 3 | 73 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 | 74 ± 3 |
| Female sex | 243 (48%) | 90 (58%) | 62 (52%) | 56 (50%) | 35(31%) |
| African-American | 195 (39%) | 58 (37%) | 44 (37%) | 41 (36%) | 52 (46%) |
| Site | |||||
| Memphis | 261 (52%) | 76 (49%) | 67 (56%) | 54 (48%) | 64 (56%) |
| Pittsburgh | 241 (48%) | 80 (51%) | 52 (44%) | 59 (52%) | 50 (44%) |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 115 (23%) | 35 (23%) | 32 (27%) | 19 (17%) | 29 (26%) |
| High school graduate | 171 (34%) | 61 (39%) | 38 (32%) | 35 (31%) | 37 (33%) |
| Postsecondary education | 214 (43%) | 59 (38%) | 49 (41%) | 59 (52%) | 47 (42%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 118 (24%) | 36 (24%) | 18 (15%) | 22 (20%) | 42 (38%) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.40 ± 1.30 | 6.24 ± 0.98 | 6.19 ± 0.93 | 6.41 ± 1.37 | 6.85 ± 1.76 |
| Hypertension | 324 (65%) | 97 (62%) | 75 (63%) | 77 (68%) | 75 (66%) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 134 ± 21 | 134 ± 21 | 136 ± 21 | 134 ± 21 | 134 ± 20 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 70 ± 11 | 69 ± 10 | 70 ± 12 | 72 ± 11 | 72 ± 12 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 271 (54%) | 81 (52%) | 60 (51%) | 61 (54%) | 69 (61%) |
| RAAS blockade use | 79 (16%) | 25 (16%) | 14 (12%) | 20 (18%) | 20 (18%) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 203 (40%) | 63 (40%) | 47 (40%) | 50 (44%) | 43 (38%) |
| Former | 260 (52%) | 83 (53%) | 63 (53%) | 56 (50%) | 58 (51%) |
| Current | 39 (8%) | 10 (6%) | 9 (8%) | 7 (6%) | 13 (11%) |
| Prevalent CVD | 136 (28%) | 35 (23%) | 29 (25%) | 32 (29%) | 40 (36%) |
| Prevalent Heart Failure | 17 (3%) | 4 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (4%) | 7 (6%) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 4.8 | 27.6 ± 4.6 | 27.2 ± 3.5 | 26.6 ± 4.6 |
| C-reactive Protein (mg/L) | 1.63 [0.98, 2.95] | 1.54 [1.02, 2.93] | 1.51 [0.98, 2.78] | 1.60 [0.95, 2.81] | 2.03 [1.03, 3.47] |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.99 ± 0.32 | 4.03 ± 0.32 | 3.98 ± 0.31 | 3.98 ± 0.29 | 3.97 ± 0.33 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201 ± 38 | 206 ± 38 | 200 ± 37 | 205 ± 39 | 193 ± 39 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 121 ± 35 | 123 ± 32 | 118 ± 36 | 125 ± 34 | 115 ± 36 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53 ± 17 | 55 ± 19 | 54 ± 18 | 53 ± 16 | 49 ± 14 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 122 [90, 166] | 128 [91, 176] | 120 [91, 165] | 114 [86, 160] | 117 [91, 150] |
| Lipid-lowering medication use | 69 (14%) | 22 (14%) | 16 (14%) | 16 (14%) | 15 (13%) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 73 ± 18 | 77 ± 17 | 74 ± 18 | 73 ± 18 | 66 ± 20 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 112 (22%) | 20 (13%) | 25 (21%) | 23 (20%) | 44 (39%) |
| UACR (mg/g) | 5 [4, 20] | 6 [4, 12] | 6 [4, 17] | 9 [5, 25] | 18 [8, 40] |
| UACR > 30 mg/g | 97 (19%) | 15 (10%) | 21 (18%) | 23 (17%) | 38 (33%) |
Categorical data presented as count (percent); continuous data as median [interquartile range] or mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: A1M, α1-microglobulin; BP, blood pressure: CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by cystatin C CKD-EPI equation; RAAS blockade, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.