Table 2.
Associations of urine biomarkers with incident cardiovascular disease in Health ABC
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Model 1* HR (95% CI) | Model 2** HR (95% CI) | Model 3† HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine A1M | |||||
| Continuous (per doubling) | 1.65 (1.34, 2.03) | 1.55 (1.22, 1.97) | 1.56 (1.21, 2.00) | 1.51 (1.16, 1.96) | |
| Categorical | |||||
| Q1 | (<0.50 mg/dL) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | (0.50–0.90 mg/dL) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.77) | 0.82 (0.48, 1.41) | 1.05 (0.59, 1.89) | 0.99 (0.54, 1.79) |
| Q3 | (0.91–1.60 mg/dL) | 1.38 (0.85, 2.52) | 1.15 (0.68, 1.98) | 1.45 (0.81, 2.61) | 1.35 (0.74, 2.45) |
| Q4 | (>1.60 mg/dL) | 2.33 (1.39, 3.92) | 1.64 (0.90, 3.00) | 1.94 (1.00, 3.75) | 1.66 (0.82, 3.35) |
| Urine PIIINP | |||||
| Continuous (p er doubling) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.41) | 1.16 (0.98, 1.37) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.50) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | |
| Categorical | |||||
| Q1 | (<1.39 ug/L) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | (1.39–2.49 ug/L) | 1.19 (0.72, 1.97) | 0.90 (0.51, 1.58) | 0.82 (0.44, 1.50) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.45) |
| Q3 | (2.50–4.04 ug/L) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.85) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.20) | 0.59 (0.31, 1.15) | 0.55 (0.28, 1.08) |
| Q4 | (>4.04 ug/L) | 2.11 (1.25, 3.55) | 1.52 (0.79, 2.90) | 1.99 (1.01, 3.94) | 1.76 (0.87, 3.55) |
| Urine NGAL | |||||
| Continuous (per doubling) | 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) | |
| Categorical | |||||
| Q1 | (<9.51 ng/mL) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | (9.51–20.84 ng/mL) | 0.94 (0.56, 1.58) | 0.86 (0.48, 1.55) | 0.79 (0.41, 1.51) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.60) |
| Q3 | (20.85–51.75 ng/mL) | 0.87 (0.51, 1.47) | 0.82 (0.43, 1.56) | 0.81 (0.40, 1.64) | 0.86 (0.42, 1.74) |
| Q4 | (>51.75 ng/mL) | 2.25 (1.36, 3.74) | 2.54 (1.34, 4.83) | 2.53 (1.25, 5.15) | 2.62 (1.28, 5.36) |
Abbreviations: A1M, α1-microglobulin; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PIIINP, amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen.
*
Adjusted for age, sex, race, study site, education level, and urine creatinine.
**
Adjusted additionally for eGFR, diabetes mellitus, prevalent heart failure, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, statin use, smoking status, body mass index, C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and hemoglobin A1c.
†
Adjusted additionally for urine albumin.