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. 2018 Jul 24;13:221. doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2637-8

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Typical SEM images of pure TiO2 nanotube arrays without modification. a Top view and b side view, indicating the highly ordered vertical alignment structure with open-tube mouth morphology. The tube diameter is about 100 nm, and the tube length is about 10 μm