Table 2.
Subject characteristics before intervention and changes in biochemical and medical parameters after intervention, analyzed with ITTa.
| Variables | All | CED group | MED group | P-valuesb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | G | T × G | ||||
| GLU (mg/dl) | <0.0001 | 0.957 | 0.562 | |||
| Baseline | 98.0 (95.9; 100.2) | 98.1 (95.2; 101.0) | 98.0 (94.8; 101.2) | |||
| Changes | −5.9 (−7.3; −4.4) | −5.4 (−7.5; −3.3) | −6.4 (−8.4; −4.3) | |||
| INS (µU/ml) | <0.0001 | 0.679 | 0.712 | |||
| Baseline | 11.2 (10.2; 12) | 11.2 (9.9; 12.6) | 11.0 (9.9; 12.0) | |||
| Changes | 3.3 (−3.9; −2.7) | −3.1 (−4.0; −2.3) | −3.5 (−4.3; −2.7) | |||
| HOMA2-IR | <0.0001 | 0.649 | 0.689 | |||
| Baseline | 1.46 (1.35; 1.57) | 1.48 (1.3; 1.7) | 1.44 (1.30; 1.58) | |||
| Changes | −0.44 (−0.52; −0.37) | −0.42 (−0.53; −0.31) | −0.46 (−0.57; −0.36) | |||
| T-C (mg/dl) | 0.0003 | 0.346 | 0.958 | |||
| Baseline | 231.1 (223.8; 238.3) | 226.4 (216,8; 236.0) | 235.8 (224.8; 246.9) | |||
| Changes | −13.3 (−18.5; −8.2) | −11.2 (−17.6; −4.8) | −15.5 (−23.6; −7.3) | |||
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 0.235 | 0.441 | 0.688 | |||
| Baseline | 146.4 (139.8; 153.0) | 143.1 (133.8; 152.4) | 149.7 (140.3; 159.3) | |||
| Changes | −7.2 (−12.0; −2.4) | −4.9 (−10.2; 0.4) | −9.4 (−17.6; −1.3) | |||
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 0.169 | 0.182 | 0.234 | |||
| Baseline | 54.2 (52.5; 55.9) | 53.1 (50.9; 55.3) | 55.3 (52.7; 58.0) | |||
| Changes | −1,1 (−2,3; 0.2) | −2.0 (−3.4; −0.7) | −0.1 (−2.3; 2.1) | |||
| TG (mg/dl) | <0.0001 | 0.607 | 0.604 | |||
| Baseline | 160.8 (145.0; 176.5) | 164.1(144.0; 184.3) | 157.4 (132.7; 182.1) | |||
| Changes | −34.0 (−46.6; −21.5) | −38.8 (−52.3; −25.2) | −33.9 (−55.1; −12.8) | |||
| Hcy (μM) | 0.002 | 0.412 | 0.776 | |||
| Baseline | 11.2 (10.4; 11.9) | 10.9 (10.2; 11.6) | 11.5 (10.1; 12.8) | |||
| Changes | 0.7 (0.3; 1.2) | 0.8 (0.2; 1.4) | 0.7 (0.06; 1.3) | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | <0.0001 | 0.8024 | 0.7985 | |||
| Baseline | 141.5 (139.0; 144.0) | 142.1 (138.9;145.4) | 140.9 (137.0; 144.8) | |||
| Changes | −9.6 (−11.9; −7.2) | −10.4 (−13.3; −7.4) | −10.2 (−13.7; −6.7) | |||
| DBP (mmHg) | <0.0001 | 0.946 | 0.446 | |||
| Baseline | −8.7.0 (85.2; 88.7) | 86.9 (84.9; 89.8) | 87.0 (84.2; 89.8) | |||
| Changes | −6.7 (−8.3; −5.2) | −8.1 (−10.1; −6.1) | −6.7 (−9.0; −4.3) | |||
Abbreviations: GLU: glucose; INS: insulin; HOMA2-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; T-C: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; Hcy: homocysteine; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; T: time; G: group; T × G: time–group interaction; aValues are expressed as means (95% CI); bLinear mixed model for values at each time point, significant at P < 0.05; CED: baseline: n = 72; week 4: n = 70; week 8: 68; week 12: n = 65; week 16: n = 63; MED: baseline: n = 72; week 4: n = 72; week 8: 72; week 12: n = 70; week 16: n = 67; in the table values at baseline and changes from baseline to follow-up are presented.