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. 2018 Jul 24;8:11159. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29277-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plant chloroplast material in douc feces increases with wildness of lifestyle. (A) Centered-log-ratio-corrected relative abundance beeswarm plot. (B) Heatmap of class/order-level representation of plant taxa by lifestyle. All land plants (phylum Streptophyta) for which refseq chloroplast sequences were available were searched for matches with the 16S data. There is trend toward increased plant matter with wildness (polyserial rho = −0.81, pairwise combined captive & semi-captive versus wild Wilcoxon rank-sum adjusted p = 8.65 × 10⁻¹³). Certain plant taxa display different patterns of overlapping abundance between lifestyles.